J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 30, June 2025, pages 33-39

Elicitor-induced enhancement of bioactive content and α-amylase inhibition in cluster bean sprouts

Figure 1. Germination percentage of cluster bean seeds following various chemical elicitor treatments. All the values are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n = 3).

Figure 2. Germination and radicle length of cluster bean sprouts after treatment with various elicitors.

Figure 3. Antioxidant potential of cluster beans on treatment with varied elicitors. All values represent the Mean ± SEM (n = 3). Different lower-case letters within the FRAP clustered column on the graph indicate significant differences among elicitor treatments. For DPPH *, **, and † markers on the stacked line, significant differences among elicitor treatments are indicated.

**Table 1.** Phytochemical Analysis of Non-Germinated Cluster Bean Seeds and Germinated Seeds Treated with DW and Various Elicitors for 72 Hours
Treatment	Protein content (mg BSAE/g)	Total Phenol Content (mg GAE/g)	Total Ascorbic acid (mg AA/g)
Phytochemical analysis of non-germinated and germinated cluster bean seeds (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) treated with distilled water and various elicitor solutions for 72 hours. The table presents the total protein content, total phenolic content, and total ascorbic acid content in the different treatment groups. Data are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatment groups are indicated by different superscript letters. Protein Content is expressed as mg/g of BSA equivalents, Phenolic Content is expressed as mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, Ascorbic Acid Content is expressed as mg/g of ascorbic acid equivalents.
Non-Germinated	115.173 ± 0.718^a	12.851 ± 0.118^a	10.586 ± 0.138^cb
DW	198.767 ± 2.726^b	12.783 ± 0.307^a	8.066 ± 0.201^a
500 µmol/L Ascorbic acid	195.257 ± 0.303^b	12.126 ± 0.240^a	9.715 ± 0.341^b
5 mM Glutamic acid	285.946 ± 3.763^e	15.957 ± 0.152^c	8.180 ± 0.170^a
50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Glutamic acid	266.487 ± 1.675^d	14.713 ± 0.349^b	11.163 ± 0.606^c
50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Lactic acid	207.780 ± 2.205^c	12.443 ± 0.349^a	10.632 ± 0.280^bc

Table 1. Phytochemical Analysis of Non-Germinated Cluster Bean Seeds and Germinated Seeds Treated with DW and Various Elicitors for 72 Hours

Treatment

Protein content (mg BSAE/g)

Total Phenol Content (mg GAE/g)

Total Ascorbic acid (mg AA/g)

Phytochemical analysis of non-germinated and germinated cluster bean seeds (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) treated with distilled water and various elicitor solutions for 72 hours. The table presents the total protein content, total phenolic content, and total ascorbic acid content in the different treatment groups. Data are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatment groups are indicated by different superscript letters. Protein Content is expressed as mg/g of BSA equivalents, Phenolic Content is expressed as mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, Ascorbic Acid Content is expressed as mg/g of ascorbic acid equivalents.

Non-Germinated

115.173 ± 0.718^a

12.851 ± 0.118^a

10.586 ± 0.138^cb

198.767 ± 2.726^b

12.783 ± 0.307^a

8.066 ± 0.201^a

500 µmol/L Ascorbic acid

195.257 ± 0.303^b

12.126 ± 0.240^a

9.715 ± 0.341^b

5 mM Glutamic acid

285.946 ± 3.763^e

15.957 ± 0.152^c

8.180 ± 0.170^a

50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Glutamic acid

266.487 ± 1.675^d

14.713 ± 0.349^b

11.163 ± 0.606^c

50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Lactic acid

207.780 ± 2.205^c

12.443 ± 0.349^a

10.632 ± 0.280^bc

**Table 2.** Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients of Antioxidant and Phytochemical Content in Cluster Bean Sprouts
Parameter	DPPH	FRAP
ns: – nonsignificant and , * - correlation is significant at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 levels respectively.
Protein	0.848^**	−0.739^**
Phenol	0.544^*	−0.138^ns
Total ascorbic acid	0.158^ns	0.273^ns

Table 2. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients of Antioxidant and Phytochemical Content in Cluster Bean Sprouts

Parameter

DPPH

FRAP

ns: – nonsignificant and *, ** - correlation is significant at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 levels respectively.

Protein

0.848^**

−0.739^**

Phenol

0.544^*

−0.138^ns

Total ascorbic acid

0.158^ns

0.273^ns

**Table 3.** α-Amylase Inhibition Potential of Non-germinated and Elicited Cluster Bean Sprouts
Sample 10mg/ml	α-amylase inhibitory activity using malt source (% inhibition)	α-amylase inhibitory activity using porcine pancreas source (% inhibition)
All the values are the Mean ± SEM (n = 3). Different lower-case letters in column indicate the significant difference for the different elicitor treatment.
Non-Germinated	10.453 ± 0.876^a	1.750 ± 0.556^a
Distilled water	16.300 ± 1.599^b	13.280 ± 2.426^b
500 µmol/L Ascorbic acid	40.350 ± 1.656^c	42.810 ± 1.031^c
5 mM Glutamic acid	49.39 ± 1.233^d	49.053 ± 0.640^de
50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Glutamic acid	49.553 ± 1.394^d	53.920 ± 1.518^e
50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Lactic acid	49.510 ± 1.424^d	45.980 ± 0.381^cd

Table 3. α-Amylase Inhibition Potential of Non-germinated and Elicited Cluster Bean Sprouts

Sample 10mg/ml

α-amylase inhibitory activity using malt source (% inhibition)

α-amylase inhibitory activity using porcine pancreas source (% inhibition)

All the values are the Mean ± SEM (n = 3). Different lower-case letters in column indicate the significant difference for the different elicitor treatment.

Non-Germinated

10.453 ± 0.876^a

1.750 ± 0.556^a

Distilled water

16.300 ± 1.599^b

13.280 ± 2.426^b

500 µmol/L Ascorbic acid

40.350 ± 1.656^c

42.810 ± 1.031^c

5 mM Glutamic acid

49.39 ± 1.233^d

49.053 ± 0.640^de

50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Glutamic acid

49.553 ± 1.394^d

53.920 ± 1.518^e

50 ppm LMW chitosan with 5 mM Lactic acid

49.510 ± 1.424^d

45.980 ± 0.381^cd