Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online
Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 29, March 2025, pages 38-46

Anti-allergic effect of kefir from goat milk with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Dad-13: In Vitro evaluation

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Effect of GK13 on degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. (a) The release rate of β-hexosaminidase relative to control is presented as mean ± SD. (b) A cell viability of RBL-2H3 cells relative to control is presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance compared with the control, analysed by Tukey's test, is represented as *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001. (blank): cells not stimulated with DNP-HSA; (control): cells stimulated with DNP-HSA; (GK13, GM, D13, KG): GK13-, GM-, D13-, or KG-treated cells stimulated with DNP-HSA.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Effect of GK13 on [Ca2+]i in RBL-2H3 cells. [Ca2+]i was examined using Fluo-3 AM. (blank): cells not stimulated with DNP-HSA; (control): cells stimulated with DNP-HSA; (GK13, GM, D13): GK13-, GM-, or D13-treated cells stimulated with DNP-HSA. Statistical significance compared with the control, analysed by Tukey's test, represented as *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. The effect of GK13 on microtubule formation. Microtubules in RBL-2H3 cells were stained with an Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-α-tubulin antibody. Images were captured using a fluorescence microscope.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Effect of GK13 on degranulation signaling pathways in RBL-2H3 cells. (a) The phosphorylated protein levels of GAPDH, Syk, Akt, and PI3K p85 were evaluated using immunoblot analysis. (b) The phosphorylation ratios of Syk, Akt, PI3K p85. Statistical significance compared with the control, analysed by Tukey's test, is represented as *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. The mode of action of GK13.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Characteristics of active substance in GK13 by dialysis and 50% EtOH precipitation. (a) Anti-degranulation activities of dialyzed GK13 with various molecular weight cut-off dialysis membranes. (b) Fractionation of the active substance in GK13 by 50% EtOH. Statistical significance compared with the control, analysed by Tukey's test, is represented as *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001. (blank): cells not stimulated with DNP-HSA; (control): cells stimulated with DNP-HSA; (GK13): GK13-treated cells stimulated with DNP-HSA.