Figure 1. Commonly found bioactives in traditional and exotic fruits. (a) mangiferin; (b) hesperidin; (c) cyanidin-3-O-galactoside; (d) β-carotene; and (e) ascorbic acid.
| Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online |
| Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com |
Review
Volume 18, June 2022, pages 52-66
Effect of processing on the preservation of bioactive compounds in traditional and exotic fruits: a review
Figures
Tables
| Fruit | Amount | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| AAE: Ascorbic acid equivalents. | ||
| Banana | 6.9–10 mg/100 g | (Kanazawa and Sakakibara, 2000) |
| Mango | 71.6 mg/100 g | (Gil et al., 2006) |
| Orange | 66 mg/100 g | (Farag et al., 2020) |
| Buriti | 7280 μg AAE/100 g | (de Rosso and Mercadante, 2007) |
| Mamey | 688 μg AAE/100 g | (de Rosso and Mercadante, 2007) |
| Camapu | 1108 μg AAE/100 g | (de Rosso and Mercadante, 2007) |
| Tucumã | 850 μg AAE/100 g | (de Rosso and Mercadante, 2007) |
| Fruit | Total Carotenoid Content1 | Identified Carotenoids | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Values obtained by spectrophotometric screening. 2Values obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography. FW: Fresh Weight; DW: Dry Weight. | |||
| Banana | 54–10,633 μg/100 g FW2 | α-Carotene, β-Carotene | Singh et al., 2016 |
| Mango | 603.35–4,138.50 μg/100 g FW2 | β-Carotene, Lutein, β-Cryptoxanthin | de Ancos et al. 2018; Ellong et al., 2015 |
| Orange | 430–10,710 μg/100 g FW1 | β-Cryptoxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Luteoxanthin, Violaxanthin, Phytoene, Lycopene | Zacarías-García et al., 2021; Rodrigo et al., 2015 |
| Buriti | 31.13–52.86 mg/100 g FW1 | β-Carotene | Milanez et al., 2018; Cândido et al., 2015 |
| Tucumã | 26.45 mg/100 g FW1 | β-Carotene, α-Carotene, β-Cryptoxanthin | da Fonseca Machado et al., 2021; Matos et al., 2019 |
| Pitanga | 8,788 μg/100 g DW2 | Lycopene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, β-Cryptoxanthin | Filho et al., 2008 |
| Fruit | Phytochemical Class | Phytochemical Subclass | Major Compounds | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | Flavonoids | Anthocyanins | Cyanidin, Delphinidin | van Breda and de Kok, 2018 |
| Flavan-3-ols | Catechin, | |||
| Flavonols | Quercetin, Kaempferol | |||
| Dihydrochalcones | Phloretin | |||
| Phenolic Acids | Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Ferulic acid, Chlorogenic acid | ||
| Tannins | Proanthocyanidins | Procyanidin B1, B2 and C1 | Shoji et al., 2006 | |
| Organic Acids | Aldonic acids | Vitamin C | USDA, 2015 | |
| Banana | Phenolic Acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | Gallic acid | Anyasi et al., 2013; Arts et al., 2000; R. N. Bennett et al., 2010; de Pascual-Teresa et al., 2000; Harnly et al., 2006; Kaur and Kapoor, 2001; van Breda and de Kok, 2018; Verde Méndez et al., 2004 |
| Flavonoids | Flavan-3-ols | Catechin, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin | ||
| Flavonols | Myricetin | |||
| Lignans | Pinoresinol | |||
| Organic Acids | Aldonic Acids | Vitamin C | USDA, 2015 | |
| Grape | Phenolic Acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid | Teixeira et al., 2014 |
| Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Ferulic acid, Chlorogenic acid | |||
| Flavonoids | Flavan-3-ols | Catechin, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin | ||
| Flavonols | Myricetin-3-O-glucoside, Myricetin-3-O-glucuronide, Kaempferol, quercetin, Isorhamntin-3-O-glucoside | |||
| Anthocyanins | Cyanidin, delphinidin | |||
| Tannins | Proanthocyanidins | Type B and C procyanidins | Cádiz-Gurrea et al., 2017 | |
| Organic Acids | Aldonic acids | Vitamin C | USDA, 2015 | |
| Mango | Tetrapenoids | Carotenoids | α-Carotene, β-Carotene, β-Cryptoxanthin, Lycopene | Otero et al., 1997; Tomas-Barberan and Gil, 2008; van Breda and de Kok, 2018 |
| Organic Acids | Aldonic Acids | Vitamin C | USDA, 2015 | |
| Phenolic Acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | Gallic acid, Dihydroxybenzoic acid | Salinas-Roca et al., 2018 | |
| Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Chlorogenic acid | |||
| Xanthones | Mangiferin | |||
| Flavonoids | Flavonols | Quercetin | ||
| Orange | Tetrapenoids | Carotenoids | α-Carotene, β-Carotene, β-Cryptoxanthin, Lycopene | Brown et al., 1998; Harris et al., 2006; Otero et al., 1997; Tomas-Barberan and Gil, 2008; van Breda and de Kok, 2018 |
| Flavonoids | Flavanones | Eriodictyol, Hesperetin, Chrysin, Luteolin, Naringenin | ||
| Organic Acids | Aldonic Acids | Vitamin C, Tartaric acid |
| Fruit | Phytochemical Class | Phytochemical Subclass | Major Compounds | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buriti | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | Gallic acid | Milanez et al., 2018; Hamacek et al., 2018 |
| Ellagic acid | ||||
| Flavonoids | Flavan-3-ols | Catechin | ||
| Flavonols | Quercetin | |||
| Organic Acids | Aldonic Acids | Vitamin C | ||
| Mamey | Tannins | Proanthocyanidins | Procyanidins B1, B2, B5, C1 | Armelle et al., 2022 |
| Phenolic Acids | Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Sinapic acid hexoside | ||
| Flavonoids | Flavonols | Isoquercetrin | ||
| Camapu | Phenolic Acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Protocatechuic acid | de Oliveira et al., 2020 |
| Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Caffeic acid, Sinapic acid, Ferulic acid | |||
| Tucumã | Flavonoids | Flavan-3-ols | Catechin | da Fonseca Machado et al., 2021 |
| Flavonols | Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol | |||
| Phenolic Acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | Gallic acid | ||
| Ellagic acid | ||||
| Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid | |||
| Pitanga | Flavonoids | Anthocyanins | Delphinidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Pelargonidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-pentoside, Cyanidin derivative | Fidelis et al., 2022 |
| Açaí | Flavonoids | Anthocyanins | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, Peonidin-3-rutinoside | Da Silveira et al., 2019; Matta et al., 2020 |
| Phenolic Acids | Hydroxybenzoic Acids | 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | ||
| Hydroxycinnamic Acids | Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Vanillic acid |