J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 18, June 2022, pages 98-108

Fate of polyphenols in black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) upon in vitro and in vivo digestion

Figure 2. TOF-MS chromatograms of (a) crude extract, (b) digesta of in vitro gastric digestion, (c) digesta of in vitro intestinal digestion, and (d) digesta of in vivo intestinal digestion.

Figure 3. MS, MS-MS spectra of in vitro intestinal digesta (a) at retention time 6.85 min and (b) 9.54 min.

Figure 4. MS, MS-MS spectra of in vivo intestinal digesta (a) at retention time 6.42 min and (b) 7.74 min.

**Table 1.** Polyphenol profiles of *L. ruthenicum Murr.* before and after *in vitro* and *in vivo* digestion
	Crude extract	In vitro gastric digesta	In vitro Intestinal digesta	In vivo intestinal digesta
The data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation on the basis of dry weight. In each column, values marked with same letter present no significant difference (p > 0.05).
TPC (mg GAE/g)		49.47 ± 1.89^a	41.01 ± 2.09^b	25.84 ± 1.5^c	25.04 ± 2.10^c
% Recovery	100	82.9	52.23	50.62
TFC (mg CE/g)		13.86 ± 0.31^a	9.05 ± 0.56^b	8.22 ± 0.69^b	5.57 ± 0.02^c
% Recovery	100	65.30	59.31	40.19
CTC (mg CE/g)		25.96 ± 1.64^a	20.86 ± 1.80^b	11.65 ± 0.83^c	7.00 ± 0.45^d
% Recovery	100	80.35	44.88	26.96
MAC (mg/g)		154.70 ± 0.96^a	114.18 ± 4.52^b	35.09 ± 0.88^c	7.06 ± 0.68^d
%Recovery	100	73.81	22.68	4.56
ABTS (mmole TE/g)		202.89 ± 1.82^a	154.92 ± 4.64^bc	164.45 ± 12.96^b	141.29 ± 4.34^c
%Recovery	100	76.36	81.05	69.64
DPPH (mmole TE/g)		151.34 ± 1.69^a	71.05 ± 3.66^b	64.51 ± 2.82^c	23.23 ± 1.02^d
%Recovery	100	46.94	42.62	15.35
FRAP (mmole TE/g)		64.43 ± 0.89^a	57.37 ± 1.08^b	34.06 ± 0.99^c	25.53 ± 1.35^d
%Recovery	100	89.04	52.86	39.62

Table 1. Polyphenol profiles of L. ruthenicum Murr. before and after in vitro and in vivo digestion

Crude extract

In vitro gastric digesta

In vitro Intestinal digesta

In vivo intestinal digesta

The data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation on the basis of dry weight. In each column, values marked with same letter present no significant difference (p > 0.05).

TPC (mg GAE/g)

49.47 ± 1.89^a

41.01 ± 2.09^b

25.84 ± 1.5^c

25.04 ± 2.10^c

% Recovery

100

82.9

52.23

50.62

TFC (mg CE/g)

13.86 ± 0.31^a

9.05 ± 0.56^b

8.22 ± 0.69^b

5.57 ± 0.02^c

% Recovery

100

65.30

59.31

40.19

CTC (mg CE/g)

25.96 ± 1.64^a

20.86 ± 1.80^b

11.65 ± 0.83^c

7.00 ± 0.45^d

% Recovery

100

80.35

44.88

26.96

MAC (mg/g)

154.70 ± 0.96^a

114.18 ± 4.52^b

35.09 ± 0.88^c

7.06 ± 0.68^d

%Recovery

100

73.81

22.68

4.56

ABTS (mmole TE/g)

202.89 ± 1.82^a

154.92 ± 4.64^bc

164.45 ± 12.96^b

141.29 ± 4.34^c

%Recovery

100

76.36

81.05

69.64

DPPH (mmole TE/g)

151.34 ± 1.69^a

71.05 ± 3.66^b

64.51 ± 2.82^c

23.23 ± 1.02^d

%Recovery

100

46.94

42.62

15.35

FRAP (mmole TE/g)

64.43 ± 0.89^a

57.37 ± 1.08^b

34.06 ± 0.99^c

25.53 ± 1.35^d

%Recovery

100

89.04

52.86

39.62

**Table 2.** Quantitative changes in polyphenols in *L. ruthenicum* Murr. before and after *in vitro* digestion
	Crude extract (7.0 g)	In vitro gastric digesta (6.25 g)	In vitro Intestinal digesta (5.37 g)
TPC (mg GAE)		346.29	256.31	138.76
% Loss	0	25.98	59.93
TFC (mg CE)		97.02	56.56	44.14
% Loss	0	41.70	54.50
CTC (mg CE)		181.72	130.38	62.56
% Loss	0	28.25	65.57
MAC (mg)		1082.9	713.63	188.43
% Loss	0	34.10	82.60
ABTS (mmol TE)		1420.23	968.25	883.10
% Loss	0	31.82	37.82
DPPH (mmol TE)		1059.38	444.06	346.42
% Loss	0	58.08	67.30
FRAP (mmol of Fe ²⁺E)		4.51	3.59	1.83
% Loss	0	20.40	59.42

Table 2. Quantitative changes in polyphenols in L. ruthenicum Murr. before and after in vitro digestion

Crude extract (7.0 g)

In vitro gastric digesta (6.25 g)

In vitro Intestinal digesta (5.37 g)

TPC (mg GAE)

346.29

256.31

138.76

% Loss

25.98

59.93

TFC (mg CE)

97.02

56.56

44.14

% Loss

41.70

54.50

CTC (mg CE)

181.72

130.38

62.56

% Loss

28.25

65.57

MAC (mg)

1082.9

713.63

188.43

% Loss

34.10

82.60

ABTS (mmol TE)

1420.23

968.25

883.10

% Loss

31.82

37.82

DPPH (mmol TE)

1059.38

444.06

346.42

% Loss

58.08

67.30

FRAP (mmol of Fe ²⁺E)

4.51

3.59

1.83

% Loss

20.40

59.42