J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 11, September 2020, pages 57-65

Pytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of chiltepin chili (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum), Sonora, Mexico

Figure 1. Chromatogram of chiltepin pepper (Campsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) from (a) Cumpas (wild) and (b) Sahuaripa (backyard) in mature stage. 1 Capsaicin, 2 Dihydrocapsaicin.

**Table 1.** Morphology of wild chiltepin pepper (*Campsicum annuum* var. *glabriusculum*) from Cumpas (wild) and Sahuaripa (backyard), at two ripening stages: immature (green) and mature (red)
Chiltepin pepper	Diameter (mm)	Long (mm)	Moisture (%)
Results express mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between samples. Cumpas (inmature n = 38, mature n = 52) and Sahuaripa (inmature n = 14, mature n = 19).
Cumpas immature	6.69 ± 0.9^c	8.81 ± 1.93^b	33
Cumpas mature	5.81 ± 0.98^d	7.58 ± 1.88^c	36
Sahuaripa immature	11.64 ± 1.53^a	13.41 ± 2.69^a	28
Sahuaripa mature	8.63 ± 1.8^b	7.06 ± 2.21^c	31

Table 1. Morphology of wild chiltepin pepper (Campsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) from Cumpas (wild) and Sahuaripa (backyard), at two ripening stages: immature (green) and mature (red)

Chiltepin pepper

Diameter (mm)

Long (mm)

Moisture (%)

Results express mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between samples. Cumpas (inmature n = 38, mature n = 52) and Sahuaripa (inmature n = 14, mature n = 19).

Cumpas immature

6.69 ± 0.9^c

8.81 ± 1.93^b

Cumpas mature

5.81 ± 0.98^d

7.58 ± 1.88^c

Sahuaripa immature

11.64 ± 1.53^a

13.41 ± 2.69^a

Sahuaripa mature

8.63 ± 1.8^b

7.06 ± 2.21^c

**Table 2.** Phytochemicals quantified in chiltepin pepper (*Campsicum annuum* var. *glabriusculum*) from Cumpas (wild) and Sahuaripa (backyard), at two ripening stage: immature (green) and mature (red).
	Cumpas	Sahuaripa
Results express mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Different letters in the same row indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between samples using a Tukey test. ND not detected.
Total phenols (mg GAE g⁻¹ DM)	24.8 ± 0.15^b	42.4 ± 1.43^a	14.85 ± 0.40^c	26.19 ± 4.8^b
Flavonoids (mg CE g⁻¹ DM)	2.34 ± 0.14^b	4.14 ± 1.0^a,	1.32 ± 0.17^c	3.53 ± 1.3^a,b
Carotenoids (mg βCE g⁻¹ DM)	1.60 ± 0.02^c	6.03 ± 0.08^a	0.66 ± 0.002^d	5.70 ± 0.8^b
Total Chlorophyll (mg TC 100 g⁻¹)	5.05 ± 0.71^a	ND	2.52 ± 0.35^b	ND
Vitamin C (mg AA g⁻¹ DM)	0.38 ± 0.01^b	2.58 ± 0.007^a	0.4 ± 0.002^b	3.07 ± 0.1^a
Total Capsaicinoids (mg g⁻¹ DM)	1.68 ± 0.01^b	8.73 ± 0.06^a	1.41 ± 0.01^c	8.59 ± 0.04^a
Capsaicin (mg CapE g⁻¹ DM)	1.33 ± 0.008^c	6.61 ± 0.11^b	1.17 ± 0.002^d	7.10 ± 0.04^a
Dihydrocapsaicin (mg DCE g⁻¹ DM)	0.34 ± 0.005^c	2.12 ± 0.04^a	0.24 ± 0.009^d	1.49 ± 0.03^b

Table 2. Phytochemicals quantified in chiltepin pepper (Campsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) from Cumpas (wild) and Sahuaripa (backyard), at two ripening stage: immature (green) and mature (red).

Cumpas

Sahuaripa

Immature

Mature

Immature

Mature

Results express mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Different letters in the same row indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between samples using a Tukey test. ND not detected.

Total phenols (mg GAE g⁻¹ DM)

24.8 ± 0.15^b

42.4 ± 1.43^a

14.85 ± 0.40^c

26.19 ± 4.8^b

Flavonoids (mg CE g⁻¹ DM)

2.34 ± 0.14^b

4.14 ± 1.0^a,

1.32 ± 0.17^c

3.53 ± 1.3^a,b

Carotenoids (mg βCE g⁻¹ DM)

1.60 ± 0.02^c

6.03 ± 0.08^a

0.66 ± 0.002^d

5.70 ± 0.8^b

Total Chlorophyll (mg TC 100 g⁻¹)

5.05 ± 0.71^a

2.52 ± 0.35^b

Vitamin C (mg AA g⁻¹ DM)

0.38 ± 0.01^b

2.58 ± 0.007^a

0.4 ± 0.002^b

3.07 ± 0.1^a

Total Capsaicinoids (mg g⁻¹ DM)

1.68 ± 0.01^b

8.73 ± 0.06^a

1.41 ± 0.01^c

8.59 ± 0.04^a

Capsaicin (mg CapE g⁻¹ DM)

1.33 ± 0.008^c

6.61 ± 0.11^b

1.17 ± 0.002^d

7.10 ± 0.04^a

Dihydrocapsaicin (mg DCE g⁻¹ DM)

0.34 ± 0.005^c

2.12 ± 0.04^a

0.24 ± 0.009^d

1.49 ± 0.03^b

**Table 3.** Antioxidant activity of chiltepin pepper (*Campsicum annuum* var. *glabriusculum*) from Cumpas (wild) and Sahuaripa (backyard) in two ripeness stages: immature and mature
	Cumpas	Sahuaripa
Results express mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between samples using a Tukey test. Results expressed in μmol TE g⁻¹ DM. de acuerdo con la prueba de Tukey. Resultados expresados en μmol TE g⁻¹ DM.
DPPH^*	10.08 ± 0.72^c	54.64 ± 2.97^a	0.96 ± 0.15^d	44.33 ± 1.77^b
ABTS^*	135.7 ± 14.76^b	71.8 ± 4.74^c	209.04 ± 30.42^a	80.9 ± 16.6^c
FRAP^*	97.36 ± 3.13^b	198.95 ± 4.77^a	100.97 ± 1.67^b	204.87 ± 4.89^a

Table 3. Antioxidant activity of chiltepin pepper (Campsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) from Cumpas (wild) and Sahuaripa (backyard) in two ripeness stages: immature and mature

Cumpas

Sahuaripa

Immature

Mature

Immature

Mature

Results express mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between samples using a Tukey test. *Results expressed in μmol TE g⁻¹ DM. de acuerdo con la prueba de Tukey. * Resultados expresados en μmol TE g⁻¹ DM.

DPPH^*

10.08 ± 0.72^c

54.64 ± 2.97^a

0.96 ± 0.15^d

44.33 ± 1.77^b

ABTS^*

135.7 ± 14.76^b

71.8 ± 4.74^c

209.04 ± 30.42^a

80.9 ± 16.6^c

FRAP^*

97.36 ± 3.13^b

198.95 ± 4.77^a

100.97 ± 1.67^b

204.87 ± 4.89^a

**Table 4.** Correlation coefficients (r) between phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in chiltepin pepper (*C. anuumm* var. *glabriusculum*)
Variables	TP	F	Car	TC	Vit C	Caps	DPPH	ABTS	FRAP
Data represent the correlation coefficents of Pearson test. ^aThe values indicate significative difference at level of p < 0.05. Abbreviations: TP: total phenols; F: flavonoids; Car: carotenoids; Tc: total chlorophylls; Asc: ascorbic acid; Caps: capsaicinoid compounds.
FT	1
Flv	0.909	1^a
Car	0.802	0.968^a	1^a
Clor	−0.510	−0.692	−0.835	1^a
Asc	0.641	0.883	0.972^a	−0.898	1^a
Caps	0.750	0.933	0.993^a	−0.892	0.987^a	1^a
DPPH	0.860	0.980^a	0.994^a	−0.822	0.943	0.982^a	1^a
ABTS	−0.846	−0.979^a	−0.938	0.591	−0.859	−0.891	−0.935	1^a
FRAP	0.699	0.905	0.983^a	−0.914	0.995^a	0.997^a	0.965^a	−0.863	1^a

Table 4. Correlation coefficients (r) between phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in chiltepin pepper (C. anuumm var. glabriusculum)

Variables

Car

Vit C

Caps

DPPH

ABTS

FRAP

Data represent the correlation coefficents of Pearson test. ^aThe values indicate significative difference at level of p < 0.05. Abbreviations: TP: total phenols; F: flavonoids; Car: carotenoids; Tc: total chlorophylls; Asc: ascorbic acid; Caps: capsaicinoid compounds.

Flv

0.909

1^a

Car

0.802

0.968^a

1^a

Clor

−0.510

−0.692

−0.835

1^a

Asc

0.641

0.883

0.972^a

−0.898

1^a

Caps

0.750

0.933

0.993^a

−0.892

0.987^a

1^a

DPPH

0.860

0.980^a

0.994^a

−0.822

0.943

0.982^a

1^a

ABTS

−0.846

−0.979^a

−0.938

0.591

−0.859

−0.891

−0.935

1^a

FRAP

0.699

0.905

0.983^a

−0.914

0.995^a

0.997^a

0.965^a

−0.863

1^a