J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 8, December 2019, pages 66-73

Effect of chitosan coatings incorporated with antioxidants of bamboo leaves and potassium sorbate on lipid oxidation and hydrolysis of scallop (Chlamys farreri) during refrigerated storage

Figure 1. Changes in lipid (a), protein (b), carbohydrate (c) and ash (d) contents of the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage. Values in the different column with different lowercase letters (a–e) are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Figure 2. Changes in total numbers of colonies (a) and TVB-N (b) of the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage. Values of different groups with different lowercase letters (a–h) are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Figure 3. Changes in POV (a) and TBARS (b) of the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage. Values of different groups with different lowercase letters (a–f) are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Figure 4. Changes in contents of TAG (a), FFA (b), PC (c) and PE (d) in the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage. Values of different groups with different lowercase letters (a–g) are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Figure 5. Changes in lipase activity of the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage. Values of different groups with different lowercase letters (a–g) are significantly different at P < 0.05.

**Table 1.** Changes in contents of fatty acids (mg/g of dry basis) of the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage
Fatty acid	Blank	AOB	PS
^a–gValues in the same column with different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05. Control, AOB and PS are control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle, respectively. Nd, not detected. Abbreviations are: AOB, antioxidant of bamboo leaves; PS, potassium sorbate.
C12:0	0.01 ± 0.00^a	0.01 ± 0.00^d	0.01 ± 0.00^e	0.01 ± 0.00^a	0.01 ± 0.00^bc	0.01 ± 0.00^bc	0.01 ± 0.00^a	0.01 ± 0.00^d	0.01 ± 0.00^d
C14:0	0.16 ± 0.0^a	0.13 ± 0.00^e	0.10 ± 0.00^f	0.17 ± 0.00^a	0.15 ± 0.00^b	0.14 ± 0.01^d	0.16 ± 0.00^a	0.14 ± 0.00^c	0.13 ± 0.00^e
C15:0	0.06 ± 0.00^b	0.05 ± 0.00^de	0.04 ± 0.01^f	0.06 ± 0.00^a	0.05 ± 0.00^cde	0.05 ± 0.00^cde	0.06 ± 0.00^bc	0.05 ± 0.00^cde	0.05 ± 0.00^e
C16:1n-7	0.37 ± 0.00^a	0.30 ± 0.00^b	0.21 ± 0.01^f	0.37 ± 0.00^a	0.28 ± 0.00^c	0.25 ± 0.01^d	0.36 ± 0.00^a	0.28 ± 0.00^c	0.22 ± 0.01^d
C16:0	3.22 ± 0.00^a	3.02 ± 0.00^d	2.99 ± 0.02^e	3.22 ± 0.00^a	3.14 ± 0.00^b	2.90 ± 0.05^f	3.24 ± 0.00^a	3.09 ± 0.00^c	2.92 ± 0.00^f
C17:0	0.10 ± 0.00^a	0.07 ± 0.00^de	0.06 ± 0.00^f	0.10 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.00^c	0.07 ± 0.00^de	0.09 ± 0.00^b	0.07 ± 0.00^d	0.06 ± 0.00^fg
C18:4n-3	0.27 ± 0.00^b	0.34 ± 0.02^a	0.12 ± 0.02^e	0.28 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.00^c	0.15 ± 0.00^d	0.29 ± 0.00^b	0.17 ± 0.01^cd	0.15 ± 0.01^d
C18:2n-6	0.20 ± 0.00^a	0.12 ± 0.00^d	0.11 ± 0.00^e	0.16 ± 0.01^b	0.14 ± 0.01^c	0.09 ± 0.00^f	0.20 ± 0.00^a	0.12 ± 0.01^de	0.11 ± 0.01^de
C18:1n-7	0.38 ± 0.00^a	0.28 ± 0.00^c	0.23 ± 0.04^ef	0.38 ± 0.00^a	0.30 ± 0.01^b	0.26 ± 0.00^d	0.38 ± 0.00^a	0.24 ± 0.00^de	0.23 ± 0.00^ef
C18:1n-9	0.38 ± 0.00^b	0.38 ± 0.01^b	0.21 ± 0.00^g	0.40 ± 0.01^a	0.37 ± 0.01^c	0.30 ± 0^de	0.40 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.00^e	0.30 ± 0.00^de
C18:0	0.54 ± 0.00^a	0.45 ± 0.02^c	0.38 ± 0.00^d	0.54 ± 0.00^a	0.51 ± 0.01^b	0.44 ± 0.01^c	0.53 ± 0.00^a	0.50 ± 0.01^b	0.42 ± 0.01^d
C20:5n-3	2.95 ± 0.03^a	2.10 ± 0.00^d	1.55 ± 0.06^f	2.99 ± 0.02^a	2.46 ± 0.04^b	1.90 ± 0.03^e	2.94 ± 0.00^a	2.31 ± 0.02^c	1.94 ± 0.03^e
C20:4n-3	0.08 ± 0.00^a	0.04 ± 0.00^e	0.03 ± 0.01^d	0.08 ± 0.00^b	0.06 ± 0.00^c	nd	0.08 ± 0.00^a	0.05 ± 0.00^c	0.05 ± 0.00^c
C20:1n-9	0.20 ± 0.00^b	0.23 ± 0.02^a	0.12 ± 0.01^d	0.20 ± 0.00^b	0.16 ± 0.01^c	0.10 ± 0.01^f	0.21 ± 0.00^b	0.12 ± 0.00^de	0.11 ± 0.00^f
C21:5n-3	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.03 ± 0.01^d	nd	0.05 ± 0.00^a	nd	nd	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.03 ± 0.00^c	0.03 ± 0.00^cd
C22:5n-6	nd	0.04 ± 0.00^b	0.10 ± 0.00^a	0.03 ± 0.00^c	0.03 ± 0.00^cd	nd	nd	0.02 ± 0.00^f	0.02 ± 0.00^e
C22:6n-3	3.89 ± 0.02^a	2.39 ± 0.02^f	2.12 ± 0.02^g	3.88 ± 0.06^a	2.89 ± 0.01^b	2.61 ± 0.04^d	3.92 ± 0.01^a	2.70 ± 0.01^c	2.45 ± 0.06^e
C22:5n-3	0.11 ± 0.00^b	0.11 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.00^d	0.11 ± 0.00^b	0.13 ± 0.02^a	0.09 ± 0.00^c	0.13 ± 0.00^a	0.07 ± 0.00^d	0.08 ± 0.00^c
C22:2n-9	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.03 ± 0.01^b	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
SFA	4.08 ± 0.00^a	3.73 ± 0.02^d	3.58 ± 0.01^f	4.10 ± 0.00^a	3.95 ± 0.01^b	3.61 ± 0.03^e	4.09 ± 0.01^a	3.87 ± 0.00^c	3.59 ± 0.02^ef
MUFA	1.34 ± 0.00^a	1.19 ± 0.03^b	0.78 ± 0.06^f	1.34 ± 0.01^a	1.11 ± 0.03^c	0.91 ± 0.01^d	1.35 ± 0.01^a	0.94 ± 0.00^d	0.86 ± 0.01^e
PUFA	7.61 ± 0.00^a	5.17 ± 0.00^d	4.04 ± 0.02^f	7.57 ± 0.05^a	5.89 ± 0.03^b	4.85 ± 0.08^e	7.58 ± 0.03^a	5.46 ± 0.01^c	4.80 ± 0.07^e

Table 1. Changes in contents of fatty acids (mg/g of dry basis) of the control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle during refrigerated storage

Fatty acid

Blank

AOB

0 day

4 day

8 day

0 day

4 day

8 day

0 day

4 day

8 day

^a–gValues in the same column with different lowercase letters are significantly different at P < 0.05. Control, AOB and PS are control scallop adductor muscle, AOB-coated scallop adductor muscle and PS-coated scallop adductor muscle, respectively. Nd, not detected. Abbreviations are: AOB, antioxidant of bamboo leaves; PS, potassium sorbate.

C12:0

0.01 ± 0.00^a

0.01 ± 0.00^d

0.01 ± 0.00^e

0.01 ± 0.00^a

0.01 ± 0.00^bc

0.01 ± 0.00^a

0.01 ± 0.00^d

C14:0

0.16 ± 0.0^a

0.13 ± 0.00^e

0.10 ± 0.00^f

0.17 ± 0.00^a

0.15 ± 0.00^b

0.14 ± 0.01^d

0.16 ± 0.00^a

0.14 ± 0.00^c

0.13 ± 0.00^e

C15:0

0.06 ± 0.00^b

0.05 ± 0.00^de

0.04 ± 0.01^f

0.06 ± 0.00^a

0.05 ± 0.00^cde

0.06 ± 0.00^bc

0.05 ± 0.00^cde

0.05 ± 0.00^e

C16:1n-7

0.37 ± 0.00^a

0.30 ± 0.00^b

0.21 ± 0.01^f

0.37 ± 0.00^a

0.28 ± 0.00^c

0.25 ± 0.01^d

0.36 ± 0.00^a

0.28 ± 0.00^c

0.22 ± 0.01^d

C16:0

3.22 ± 0.00^a

3.02 ± 0.00^d

2.99 ± 0.02^e

3.22 ± 0.00^a

3.14 ± 0.00^b

2.90 ± 0.05^f

3.24 ± 0.00^a

3.09 ± 0.00^c

2.92 ± 0.00^f

C17:0

0.10 ± 0.00^a

0.07 ± 0.00^de

0.06 ± 0.00^f

0.10 ± 0.01^a

0.08 ± 0.00^c

0.07 ± 0.00^de

0.09 ± 0.00^b

0.07 ± 0.00^d

0.06 ± 0.00^fg

C18:4n-3

0.27 ± 0.00^b

0.34 ± 0.02^a

0.12 ± 0.02^e

0.28 ± 0.02^b

0.18 ± 0.00^c

0.15 ± 0.00^d

0.29 ± 0.00^b

0.17 ± 0.01^cd

0.15 ± 0.01^d

C18:2n-6

0.20 ± 0.00^a

0.12 ± 0.00^d

0.11 ± 0.00^e

0.16 ± 0.01^b

0.14 ± 0.01^c

0.09 ± 0.00^f

0.20 ± 0.00^a

0.12 ± 0.01^de

0.11 ± 0.01^de

C18:1n-7

0.38 ± 0.00^a

0.28 ± 0.00^c

0.23 ± 0.04^ef

0.38 ± 0.00^a

0.30 ± 0.01^b

0.26 ± 0.00^d

0.38 ± 0.00^a

0.24 ± 0.00^de

0.23 ± 0.00^ef

C18:1n-9

0.38 ± 0.00^b

0.38 ± 0.01^b

0.21 ± 0.00^g

0.40 ± 0.01^a

0.37 ± 0.01^c

0.30 ± 0^de

0.40 ± 0.01^a

0.30 ± 0.00^e

0.30 ± 0.00^de

C18:0

0.54 ± 0.00^a

0.45 ± 0.02^c

0.38 ± 0.00^d

0.54 ± 0.00^a

0.51 ± 0.01^b

0.44 ± 0.01^c

0.53 ± 0.00^a

0.50 ± 0.01^b

0.42 ± 0.01^d

C20:5n-3

2.95 ± 0.03^a

2.10 ± 0.00^d

1.55 ± 0.06^f

2.99 ± 0.02^a

2.46 ± 0.04^b

1.90 ± 0.03^e

2.94 ± 0.00^a

2.31 ± 0.02^c

1.94 ± 0.03^e

C20:4n-3

0.08 ± 0.00^a

0.04 ± 0.00^e

0.03 ± 0.01^d

0.08 ± 0.00^b

0.06 ± 0.00^c

0.08 ± 0.00^a

0.05 ± 0.00^c

C20:1n-9

0.20 ± 0.00^b

0.23 ± 0.02^a

0.12 ± 0.01^d

0.20 ± 0.00^b

0.16 ± 0.01^c

0.10 ± 0.01^f

0.21 ± 0.00^b

0.12 ± 0.00^de

0.11 ± 0.00^f

C21:5n-3

0.05 ± 0.00^a

0.03 ± 0.01^d

0.05 ± 0.00^a

0.03 ± 0.00^c

0.03 ± 0.00^cd

C22:5n-6

0.04 ± 0.00^b

0.10 ± 0.00^a

0.03 ± 0.00^c

0.03 ± 0.00^cd

0.02 ± 0.00^f

0.02 ± 0.00^e

C22:6n-3

3.89 ± 0.02^a

2.39 ± 0.02^f

2.12 ± 0.02^g

3.88 ± 0.06^a

2.89 ± 0.01^b

2.61 ± 0.04^d

3.92 ± 0.01^a

2.70 ± 0.01^c

2.45 ± 0.06^e

C22:5n-3

0.11 ± 0.00^b

0.11 ± 0.01^b

0.07 ± 0.00^d

0.11 ± 0.00^b

0.13 ± 0.02^a

0.09 ± 0.00^c

0.13 ± 0.00^a

0.07 ± 0.00^d

0.08 ± 0.00^c

C22:2n-9

0.05 ± 0.00^a

0.03 ± 0.01^b

SFA

4.08 ± 0.00^a

3.73 ± 0.02^d

3.58 ± 0.01^f

4.10 ± 0.00^a

3.95 ± 0.01^b

3.61 ± 0.03^e

4.09 ± 0.01^a

3.87 ± 0.00^c

3.59 ± 0.02^ef

MUFA

1.34 ± 0.00^a

1.19 ± 0.03^b

0.78 ± 0.06^f

1.34 ± 0.01^a

1.11 ± 0.03^c

0.91 ± 0.01^d

1.35 ± 0.01^a

0.94 ± 0.00^d

0.86 ± 0.01^e

PUFA

7.61 ± 0.00^a

5.17 ± 0.00^d

4.04 ± 0.02^f

7.57 ± 0.05^a

5.89 ± 0.03^b

4.85 ± 0.08^e

7.58 ± 0.03^a

5.46 ± 0.01^c

4.80 ± 0.07^e