Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online
Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Review

Volume 10, June 2020, pages 47-52


Antioxidants, polyphenols, and health benefits of cherry laurel: a review

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Chemical structures of the phenols and polyphenols present in cherry laurel.

Tables

Table 1. Nutritional characteristics of cherry laurel (per 100 g)
 
NutrientUnitCherry laurel fruitaReferences
Abbreviations: ATE, alpha-tocopherol equivalents; DFE, dietary folate equivalents; RAE, retinol activity equivalents; tr, trace.
Proximate compositionAlasalvar et al. (2005); Turkish Food Composition Database (2020)
  Waterg77.28–81.21
  Energykcal74–76
  Proteing0.54–1.59
  Lipid (fat)g0.10–0.56
  Ashg0.43–0.79
  Carbohydrateg13.96–20.23
  Dietary fiberg1.61–4.02
Sugarsg11.38–11.51
  Xyloseg0.19–0.23
  Arabinoseg0.07–0.08
  Fructoseg4.84–5.16
  Glucoseg5.43–5.88
  Sorbitol1.51–4.80
  Sucrosegtr
MineralsKolayli et al. (2003); Turkish Food Composition Database (2020)
  Calciummg14.8–53
  Coppermg0.08–0.09
  Ironmg0.44–0.83
  Magnesiummg17.9–27.0
  Manganesemg2.27–2.42
  Phosphorusmg21–22
  Potassiummg157–222
  Seleniumμg
  Sodiummg1.0–5.5
  Zincmg0.16–0.37
VitaminsOzturk et al. (2017); Turkish Food Composition Database (2020)
  Folate (DFE)μg
  Niacinmg0.20–0.35
  Pantothenic acidmg
  Pyridoxine (B-6)mg0.06–0.07
  Riboflavinmg0.02–0.03
  Thiaminmg
  Vitamin A (RAE)μgtr-3.0
  Vitamin Cmg2.00–204
  Vitamin E (ATE)mg
  Vitamin Kμg
CarotenoidsTurkish Food Composition Database (2020)
  Beta-caroteneμgtr-38
  Luteinμg23–35

 

Table 2. Antioxidant activities of cherry laurel determined by various assays
 
Antioxidant assaysUnitCherry laurelReferences
Abbreviations: AAE, ascorbic acid equivalents; ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; BCB, beta-carotene bleaching; CUPRAC, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; TE, trolox equivalents.
ABTSμmol TE/g23.21Celep et al. (2012); Ozturk et al. (2017)
BCB% inhibition/mL61
CUPRACmg AAE/g23.7–46.9
DPPHμmol TE/g43.54
FRAPμmol TE/g14.74
Hydrogen peroxide scavenging% inhibition3.5–16.3Liyana-Pathirana et al., 2006
LDL oxidation inhibition% inhibition42.7–58.5
ORACμmol TE/g3,633–7,996Alasalvar et al., 2005
Superoxide radical scavenging% inhibition82.3–100Liyana-Pathirana et al., 2006

 

Table 3. Contents of total polyphenols in cherry laurel
 
PolyphenolsUnitCherry laurelReferences
Abbreviations: C3GE, cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents; EGCGE, epigallocatechin gallate equivalents; FAE, ferulic acid equivalents; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; QE, quercetin equivalents.
Total anthocyaninsmg C3GE/100 g124–174Alasalvar et al. (2005); Capanoglu et al. (2011); Ozturk et al. (2017)
Total carotenoidsμg/100 g254–261
Total flavonoidsmg QE/100 g11.76
Total phenolicsmg FAE/100 g454–651
mg GAE/100 g944–4,919
Total proanthocyanidinsmg EGCGE/100 g3.40Celep et al. (2012)

 

Table 4. Reported polyphenols in cherry laurel
 
Types of polyphenolic compoundsUnitContentReferences
Abbreviations: fw, fresh weight; nd, not detected.
AnthocyaninsCyanidin-3-glucosidemg/100 g fw4.6Capanoglu et al. (2011); Karahalil and Şahin (2011); Bayrambaş et al. (2019);
Cyanidin-3-rutinoside6.6
Keracyanin chloride2.4–14.97
Pelargonidin-3-glucoside11.0
Flavan-3-ols(-)-Catechin0.02–23.3
(-)-Catechin gallate0.8–4.3
(-)-Epigallocatechin1.7–27.2
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate0.4–41
Epicatechin0.3–17.2
(-)-Gallocatechin gallate1.4–6.4
FlavonolsKaempferol0.5–3.8
Quercetin-3-glucoside0.97–2.8
Rutinnd–0.3
Phenolic acidsCaffeic acid64.6–74.8Alasalvar et al. (2005); Capanoglu et al. (2011); Karahalil and Şahin (2011); Karabegović et al. (2014); Ozturk et al. (2017); Bayrambaş et al. (2019)
Chlorogenic acid103–160
o-Coumaric acidnd–2.24
p-Coumaric acid11.5–49.7
Ferulic acidnd–6.2
Gallic acid0.2–37.6
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid2.3–3.0
Protocatechuic acidnd–1.12
Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester0.04–19.0
Syringic acid1.0–56.2
Vanillic acid1.5–12.4
ProcyanidinsProcyanidin B214.4–52.4