| Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online |
| Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com |
Review
Volume 8, December 2019, pages 42-50
Chemistry, pharmacology and processing method of rhubarb (Rheum species): a review
Tables
| No. | Compounds | Botanical sources | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | aloe-emodin | R. officinale; R. palmatum; R. qinjingense; R. spiciforme; R. tanguticum; R. undulatum | Xiuwei et al., 1998; Huiyan et al., 2003; Jin et al., 2006; Tan, 2006; Xu Qing et al., 2009; Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 2 | 1-methyl-8-hydroxyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-O-β-D-(6′-O-cinnamoyl) glucopyranoside | R. glabrucaule | Cun et al., 2010 |
| 3 | 6-methyl-aloe-emodin | R. emodi | Singh et al. |
| 4 | 6-methyl-rhein | R. emodi | Singh et al., 2005 |
| 5 | aloe-emodin-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001 |
| 6 | aloe-emodin-3-(hydroxymethyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum; R. glabrucaule | Wei et al., 2005; Xu Qing, 2009 |
| 7 | aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. qinjingense; R. tanguticum | Xiuwei et al., 1998; Jin, Ge et al., 2006 |
| 8 | chrysaron | R. rhaponticum | Hesse, 1908 |
| 9 | chrysophanol | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. officinale; R. emodi | Suresh Babu et al., 2004; Jin, Ge et al., 2006; Tan, 2006; Xu Qing et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2010; Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 10 | chrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum | Xu Qing et al., 2009 |
| 11 | chrysophanol-8-Me ether | R. glabrucaule | Wei et al., 2005 |
| 12 | chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-(6′-O-acetyl)-glucopyranoside | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 13 | chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-(6′-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside | R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001 |
| 14 | chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-(6′-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside | R. qinjingense | Xiuwei et al., 1998 |
| 15 | chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. officinale; R. emodi; R. glabrucaule | Suresh Babu et al., 2004; Jin et al., 2006; Tan, 2006; Wang et al., 2010; Gao and Liangliang, 2013; Xu Qing et al., 2009 |
| 16 | citreorosein | R. glabrucaule | Wei et al., 2004 |
| 17 | emodin | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. emodi; R. qinjingense; R. undulatum; R. Spiciforme | Xiuwei et al., 1998; Huiyan et al., 2003; Suresh Babu et al., 2004; Jin et al., 2006; Xu Qing et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2010; Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 18 | emodin-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. undulatum | Ko, 2000 |
| 19 | emodin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum | Zhu et al., 2016 |
| 20 | emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. emodi; R. glabrucaule | Wei et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2010 |
| 21 | emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-sulfate | R. emodi | Liselotte et al., 2004 |
| 22 | emodin-gemtiobioside | R. nanum | Xiang et al., 2005 |
| 23 | physcion | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. officinale; R. emodi; R. qinjingense | Xiuwei et al., 1998; Suresh Babu et al., 2004; Jin et al., 2006; Tan, 2006; Xu Qing et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2010; Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 24 | physcion-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. emodi | Singh et al., 2016 |
| 25 | physcion-8-O-β-D-gentiobioside | R. officinale | Holzschuh et al., 1982 |
| 26 | physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum; R. emodi; R. qinjingense; R. undulatum | Xiuwei et al., 1998; Ko, 2000; Xu Qing et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2010 |
| 27 | revandchinone-3 | R. emodi | Suresh Babu et al., 2004 |
| 28 | rhein | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. undulatum; R. Spiciforme | Xiuwei et al., 1998; Huiyan et al., 2003; Jin et al., 2006; Xu Qing et al., 2009; Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 29 | rhein-8-O-β-D-[6′-O-(3″-methoxyl malonyl)] glucopyranoside | R. palmatum | Cun et al., 2010 |
| 30 | rhein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum | Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 31 | 10-hydroxycascaroside C | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 32 | 10-hydroxycascaroside D | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 33 | 10R-chrysaloin1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 34 | cascaroside C | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 35 | cascaroside D | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 36 | cassialoin | R. emodi | Krenn et al., 2004 |
| 37 | palmidin A | R. palmatum | Dequeker et al., 1964 |
| 38 | palmidin B | R. palmatum | Dequeker et al., 1964 |
| 39 | palmidin C | R. palmatum | Dequeker et al., 1964 |
| 40 | rendin A | R. palmatum | LEMLI et al., 1964 |
| 41 | rendin B | R. palmatum | LEMLI et al., 1964 |
| 42 | rendin C | R. palmatum | LEMLI et al., 1964 |
| 43 | revandchinone-1 | R. emodi | Suresh Babu et al., 2004 |
| 44 | revandchinone-2 | R. emodi | Suresh Babu et al., 2004 |
| 45 | revandchinone-4 | R. emodi | Yamagishi et al., 1987 |
| 46 | rheinoside A | R. palmatum | Yamagishi et al., 1987 |
| 47 | rheinoside B | R. palmatum | Yamagishi et al., 1987 |
| 48 | rheinoside C | R. palmatum | Yamagishi et al., 1987 |
| 49 | rheinoside D | R. palmatum | Yamagishi et al., 1987 |
| 50 | sennidin C | R. palmatum | Zwaving, 1965 |
| 51 | sennoside A | R. palmatum | Oshio et al., 1974 |
| 52 | sennoside B | R. palmatum | Oshio et al., 1974 |
| 53 | sennoside C | R. palmatum | Oshio et al., 1974 |
| 54 | sennoside D | R. palmatum | Oshio et al., 1974 |
| 55 | sennoside E | R. palmatum | Oshio et al., 1974 |
| 56 | sennoside F | R. palmatum | Oshio et al., 1974 |
| No. | Compounds | Botanical sources | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 57 | 3,4′,5-trihydroxystlbene-4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-galloyl) glucopyranoside | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. officinale | Nonaka et al., 1981; Komatsu et al., 2006 |
| 58 | 3,4′,5-trihydroxystlbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. officinale | Nonaka et al., 1981; Komatsu et al., 2006 |
| 59 | deoxyrhaponticin | R. undulatum | Ko, 2000 |
| 60 | desoxyrhaponticin | R. emodi; R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001; Suresh Babu et al., 2004 |
| 61 | desoxyrhapontigenin | R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001 |
| 62 | gentin C | R. nanum | Xiang et al., 2005 |
| 63 | isorhapontin | R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001 |
| 64 | maximol A | R. palaestinum | Shikishima et al., 2001 |
| 65 | maximol B | R. palaestinum | Shikishima et al., 2001 |
| 66 | piceatannol | R. undulatum | Ko et al., 1999 |
| 67 | piceatannol 3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. hotaoense; R. undulatum | Li et al., 1998; Matsuda et al., 2001 |
| 68 | piceatannol 4′-O-(6″-p-coumaroyl)β-D-glucopyranoside | R. emodi | Wang et al., 2010 |
| 69 | piceatannol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. nanum | Xiang et al., 2005 |
| 70 | piceatannol-3,4′-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside | R. undulatum | Ko, 2000 |
| 71 | resveratrol | R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001 |
| 72 | resveratrol 4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside | R. tanguticum | Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 73 | resveratrol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. tanguticum | Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 74 | rhaponticin | R. tanguticum; R. undulatum; R. palaestinum | Li, Li et al., 1998; Ko et al., 1999; Matsuda et al., 2001; Matsuda et al., 2001; Jin et al., 2006; Aburjai, 2000 |
| 75 | rhapontigenin | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum; R. emodi; R. undulatum | Li, Li et al., 1998; Ko et al., 1999; Matsuda et al., 2001; Matsuda et al., 2001; Suresh Babu et al., 2004; Jin, Ge et al., 2006; Xu Qing et al., 2009 |
| 76 | rhaponticin 2″-O-gallate | R. tanguticum; R. undulatum | Matsuda et al., 2001; Jin et al., 2006 |
| No. | Compounds | Botanical sources | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 77 | (+)-catechin | R. palmatum; R. tanguticum | Nonaka et al., 1981; Lu et al., 1998; Jin et al., 2006 |
| 78 | (−)epicatechin-3-O-gallate | R. tanguticum; R. officinale | Nonaka et al., 1981; Jin et al., 2006; Tan, 2006 |
| 79 | (−)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate | R. officinale | Tan, 2006 |
| 80 | gallic acid | R. palmatum | Nonaka et al., 1981; Xu Qing et al., 2009 |
| 81 | kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside | R. undulatum | Ham et al., 1994 |
| 82 | kaempferol-3-O-(2′,6′-di-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyra-noside | R. undulatum | Ham et al., 1994 |
| 83 | gallic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum | Kashiwada et al., 1986 |
| 84 | gallic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | R. palmatum | Kashiwada et al., 1986 |
| 85 | 1-O-galloyl-6-O-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucose | R. palmatum | Kashiwada et al., 1988 |
| 86 | 1,2-di-O-galloyl-6-O-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucose | R. palmatum | Kashiwada et al., 1988 |
| 87 | 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyglucose | Rhei Radix et Rhizoma | Nonaka et al., 1981 |
| 88 | glucopyranosyl-galloyl-glucose | R. palmatum | Wang et al., 2011 |
| 89 | coumaroyl-O-galloyl-glucose | R. palmatum | Wang et al., 2011 |
| 90 | lindleyin | R. tanguticum | Gao and Liangliang, 2013 |
| 91 | 1′-O-galloylsucrose | R. coreanum | Kashiwada et al., 1988 |
| 92 | 2-O-galloylsucrose | R. coreanum | Kashiwada et al., 1988 |
| 93 | 6-O-galloylsucrose | R. coreanum | Kashiwada et al., 1988 |
| 94 | 6′-O-galloylsucrose | R. coreanum | Kashiwada et al., 1988 |