TY - JOUR AU - Min Jeong Kang AU - Joon Hyuk Suh AU - Liana L. Guarneiri AU - Jamie A. Cooper AU - Chad M. Paton PY - 2023/03/30 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - LC–MS analysis of urolithin-related metabolites in human plasma reveals glucuronide conjugates as the primary species after 4-weeks of pecan consumption JF - Journal of Food Bioactives JA - JFB VL - 21 IS - 0 SE - Original Research DO - 10.31665/JFB.2023.18336 UR - http://www.isnff-jfb.com/index.php/JFB/article/view/315 AB - The purpose was to determine whether chronic pecan consumption leads to increases in Urolithin (Uro) levels in humans. Second, was to determine the pattern of Uro changes from 0- to 4-weeks among the Uro isoforms (Uro-A, -B, and -C) and their glucuronide conjugates. Forty Subjects were divided into control (no nut) and pecan (68 grams/day (g/day)) groups. Samples were collected at baseline (0-weeks) and 4-weeks after consuming either no nuts in the diet (control) or 68g/day of pecans in the pecan group. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), plasma Uro-A, -B, and -C levels and their phase II glucuronide metabolites were measured against known standards at 0- and 4-weeks. Uro-A (0.0-0.1 ng/mL) and -C (0.01-0.5) both increased significantly at 4-weeks while Uro-B was undetectable in plasma. The glucuronide conjugates were significantly higher than their free-forms, and all three conjugates increased from 0- to 4-weeks with Uro-A-glucuronide the highest at 2.6-106 ng/mL. ER -